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FOREIGN-BORN AMERICANS 

AND THEIR CHILDREN 




OUR NEIGHBOR AND HIS GIFT TO AMERICA 



Foreign-Born Americans 

And Their Children 



Our Duty and Opportunity for God and Country 

from the Standpoint of the 

Episcopal Church 



By 

THOMAS BURGESS 

Secretary for Work Among Foreign-Born Americans 



Department of Missions and Church Extension 

OF THE Episcopal Church 

281 Fourth Avenue, New York 



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CONTENTS 

CHAPTER PAGE 

I. OUR IMMIGRANT NEIGHBORS i 

Their Coming — How They Live. 

Aliens or Americans — The American Legion. 

II. AMERICANIZATION 19 

IIL RELIGION 23 

IV. OUR CHURCH'S RESPONSIBILITIES 27 

Itahans — Other Lapsed Roman Catholics — Orientals — Hebrews — 
Czechs — Slovaks and Uniats — Scandinavians — Eastern Orthodox — 
Russians — Greeks — ^Assyrians and Armenians — The Master Calls Us. 

Best books to read 80 




TOTAL POPULATION OF THE U. S. A. BY STATES 
Showing proportion of Native to Foreign-born and their children 



OUR IMMIGRANT NEIGHBORS 



WHO is my neighbor? First and 
foremost, those that live on the 
same street as I, or in my town or city. 
If these neighbors and their famihes are 
growing up in atheism and lawlessness, 
perhaps it is my fault. What are we 
going to do about it? — true Christians 
and loyal Americans. 

Here are three quotations concerning 
what we should do for our foreign-born 
neighbors and their children: 

Secretary Lane — "These onen are our charge. 
Ignobly put — ^it will pay. More mianfuUy said 
— ^it is our duty. Worthily — ^it is our oppor- 
tunity." 

Theodore Roosevelt — "No greater work oan 
be done by a philantlhropic or religious society 
than to stretch out the helping hand to the 
men and women who come here to this country 
to become citizens, and therefore do their part 
in making for weal or woe, the future of our 
land." 

Bishop Lawrence — "Whether you call this 
action social service, corporate self-interest, or 
Christian brotherhood, it must be undertaken 
now and pressed with all the vigor of a battle." 
More than one-third of the people of 
the United States of America are of 
foreign birth or the children of the for- 
eign-iborn, settled throughout the coun- 
try. In the northeast, one-fourth of the 
United States, the majority of the peo- 
ple are our neighbors of immigrant 
races. The same is true in some states 
farther west. There is many a town 
and city that has over eighty per cent 
of people from races other than Amer- 
ican. All these, our new Americans, 
come from every nation under heaven, 
and speak more than fifty different lan- 
guages; but especially do they come 
from Europe and the Near East. Our 
United States is in very truth a babel 
of tongues and kaleidoscope of races. 



Our country's task is to create one har- 
monious nation out of many — to live up 
to our motto — E Pluribus Unum. 

Their Ccvming 

They come, these new Americans, — 
some from lands of more advanced civ- 
ilization than ourselves; some from 
backward or decrepit nations; but all 
with their particular national ideals and 
traditions cherished for centuries, — and 
in very truth they come bringing gifts 
worth adding to our country's glory. 
The natives who can trace their nation- 
ality back but a few centuries, to the 
Pilgrim Fathers or such like, have no 
right to look down upon these ancient 
peoples. 

Emigration resulted from various 
causes. In some cases it was because 
of political and religious oppression, but 
generally speaking from economic stress. 
They came that they might have the 
wherewithal to live well. 

To many a one, America was pictured 
as the "promised land", flowing with 
milk and honey, with its streets paved 
with gold. Then above all, America 
stood for freedom. So, some with fam- 
ilies, more Avithout, they took ship and 
sailed, caring little for the brief hard- 
ships of the steerage. At the entrance 
to the harbor of the new world — and a 
majority come to that harbor. New 
York — they were greeted by Liberty- 
Enlightening the World, whose rays long 
since had illumined their dreams. The 
Declaration of Independence says, "All 
m'en are created equal." Let us stop a 
moment and consider very seriously. 
Have you and I alwajs considered our 




ALIENS AWAITING ADMISSION AT ELLIS ISLAND 





NIENTE BELLEZZA 



:0 ONE KNEW HIS NAME 



ELLIS ISLAND 

In New York Harbor where most of them land 



neighbors of foreign extraction as 
equals; have we treated them so? If 
not, is there not something wrong with 
our own conception of Americanism? 

Until held up by the great war, the 
immigrant tide has been pouring into 
our country with ever-increasing vol- 
ume — in the last decade or two preced- 
ing the war, at the rate of a million a 
year. 

Forty years ago, most of the immi- 
grants came from the British Isles, Ger- 
many and the Scandinavian countries. 
In the last twenty years a tremendous 
stream has swept in from Southeastern 
Europe. These latter races have quite 
different characteristics; but can we say 
they are less capable of becoming good 
citizens than those of the earlier tide, 
if given the right treatment? It is this 
latter immigrant class which we are in 
the habit of dubbing "foreigner" and 
"scum o' the earth." 

After passing the statue of Liberty, 
the ship landed at Ellis Island, and here 
our neighbors got their first impressions 
of Americanism and American treat- 
ment. Herded and classified in pens, 
they passed through all kinds of ex- 
aminations. There was many a sad 



story of long detention, sometimes end- 
ing in what seemed to them unjust de- 
portation; of brusque treatment by of- 
ficials; heart-rending separations; and 
also a little kindly untanghng of the 
difficulties by the few port missionaries. 
Many a man and woman from this first 
impressiion of America has carried a bit- 
ter resentment into his adopted coun- 
try, hard to efface. Of late years juster 
and more human treatment has been 
given the incoming foreigner, and the 
immigration officials are efficiently car- 
rying out their difficult task. 

When at last the purgatory of Ellis 
Island was passed, and the United States 
Government had alas! washed its hands 
of further responsibility, the crowds, 
properly tagged, were placed on the im- 
migrant trains bound to their destina- 
tion ; and here, too, were many sad cases 
of unscrupulous exploitation and mis- 
understanding. Thus these poor stran- 
gers within our gates finally reached 
their new abodes, which were generally 
far different from their dream pictures. 
Not all, however, reached the intended 
place; not a few innocent immigrant 
girls have never been heard from. 



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AN IMMIGRANT MOTHER AND HER CHILDREN 




IN THE ROUGH 




AMERICANS OF THE FUTURE 



How They Live 

The streams from the points of en- 
try spread out and settled in hollows 
all over the country. Our great cities 
have their sections where large settle- 
ments of various races are segregated 
and where the language of America is 
scarcely heard. Very little opportunity 
is found for such foreigners to come in 
touch with those who are truly Amer- 
ican. Our countless industrial towns and 
cities in the East, mid-West and far- 
West, are filled with immigrant peoples 
often living in slum conditions. There 
are the seasonal camps— construction, 
railroad, lumber and harvesting — where 
conditions are often bad. Then there 
are the mining regions where they set- 
tle and toil their life out, and finally in 
the great rural fields miany find farms 
attractive abidmg places. 

Bitterly hard toil and bitterly hard 
living have been the beginning of most 
of itheir lives in their adopted country, 
and such have often continued to the end. 
Yet despite the hardships, and the in- 
difference of American employers and 
American neighbois, very many have 
fought it through, attained independ- 
ence, often prominence, and own good 
homes — but, oh, the pitiful human waste 
in the making. 

The Immigrant 

I am the imtmignant. 

Since the dawn of creaJtion my restless feet 
have beaten new paths across the earth. 

My uneasy bark has tossed on all seas. 

My wanderlust was bom of the craving for 
more liberty and a better wage for the 
sweat of my face. 

I looked towards the United States with eyes 
kindled by tiie fire of amibdition and 
heart quickened with newborn hope!. 

I approached its gates with great expectation. 

I entered in with fine hope. 

I have shouldered my burden as the American 
man-of-all-work. 

I contribute eighty-five per cent of all the 
labor in the slaughtering' and meat-pack- 
ing industries. 

I do seven-<tenths of the bituminous coal 
imdning. 

*Courtesy, F. H. Revell. 




THE FOREIGN WOMAN'S BURDEN 

Carrying twenty-jive overcoats she has 
"finished" 

I do seventy-eight per cent of all the work 
in the woolen mills. 

I contribute nine-tenths of all the labor ii 
the cotton mills. 

I make nineteen-twentieths of aU the clothing. 

I manufacture more than half the" shoes. 

I build four-fifths of all the furniture. 

I make half of the collars, cuffs and shirts. 

I turn out four-fifths of all the leather. 

I make half the gloves. 

I refine nearly nineteen-twentieths of the. 
sugar. 

I make half of the tobacco and cigars. 

And yet, I am the great American problem. 

When I pour out my blood on your altar of 
labor, and lay down my life as a sacrifice 
to your god of toil, men make no more 
comlment than alt the fall of a sparrow. 

But my 'brawn is woven into the warp and 
woof of the fabric of your national being. 

My children shall be your children and your 
land shall be my land because my sweat 
and my blood will cement the foundations 
of the America of Tomorrow. 

If I can be fused into the body politic the 
melting pot will have stood the supreme 
test.* —Frederic J. Raskin. 




National Child Labor Committee 

CITY "HOMES 

A row of tenements in New York where most of the wome 
their rooms finishing garments 



and children work in 




National Cliild Labor Committee 

THE YOUNGEST TOILER IS FIVE 

Artificial flowers paid for at eight cents a gross in crowded New York tenement houses 

where all must work to live 

10 



Such are our "neighbors", and their 
little children are their "gifts" to Amer- 
ica. 

Hard, terribly hard, is the lot of the 
poor little children — those who survive 
— of the tenements of our great cities, 
living in homes of some two rooms with 
their large famihe?, often mixed indis- 
criminately with additional boarders. 
There are two blocks on the East Side 
of New York, covering less than nine 
acres in all, that house eight thousand 
souls. The social settlements, play- 
grounds, day nurseries, fresh air vaca- 
tions, the institutions of different 
churches, amd all the rest of the splen- 
did work of splendid people, are nobly 
doing their insufficient little to allevi- 
ate this twisting and stunting of human 
life. Civic reform is gradually forc- 
ing its way against political selfishness. 
"The landlords," Jacobs Riis once 
wrote, "should be boiled in oil to a man; 
hanging is too good for him." 

Whole families toil their lives out; 
sewing all day long and far into the 
night in reeking tenements, finishing 
garments for the merest pittance, mak- 
ing myriads of artificial flowers, neck- 
wear and the like. Here is a typical 
instance: 

"Climb the four flights of dirty, ill-smelling 
stairs, and discover the Rapallo family making 
violets in their 'fifth floor front' on Mac- 
Dougal Street. In the front room where the 
folding beds are" pushed out of the way, 
you wUl see a large table, heaped with wire, 
green tape, grefen leaves and purple petals. 
Mrs. Rapallo, a woman of thirty, of the 
striking South Italian type, and her five 
eldest children are gathered closely around 
the table, working on the flowers, while two 
babies play with finished bunches of violets 
on the floor. The mother and the; two older 
children, Michael, a boy of fourteen, and 
Maria, a girl of twelve, are fitting the petals 
to the stems with a bit of paste from a glass, 
with a deft turn of the finger. Pietro and 
Camilla, the younger children, are winding 
the stems with green tape; while Antoinette, 
an undersized child of nine, under the mother's 
direction makes the flowers and leaves into 
a 'corsage bouquet.' It will sell in the shops 
far about a dollar and a half. The eternally 
busy fingets of Mrs. Rapallo will not stop, 



as she answers your inevitable question: 'We 
get fifteen cents a bunch for disa kind of 
Bower. We maka five bunch a day.' And 
she stoops down to snatch a bunch of violets 
from the baby on the floor, whose little lips 
are purple with the dye." 

"Michaelina is now thirteen, but has been 
working since she was ten years old. She 
makes lace after school from three o'clock 
until nine or ten at night. The work is 
brougfht to the room, and neither mother or 
child knows from whence it comes. Both are 
illiterate, and the ignorance of the mother is 
especially shown in the fact that the lace 
collar she is making wOl bring her $1.25. It 
will take seventy hours to finish it. Michaelina, 
she said, is so little, 'because she maka 
de lace so much'."* 

Slum conditions in our factory towns 
are little better, where often the great 
industrial plants, each employing thou- 
sands, line the streams for miles. Have 
you ever, at the end of the day, stood 
outside the gates of a great cotton mill 
and awe-struck seen them belch forth 
an unending stream of men, women and 
children of many races, and have you 
meditated on their life — the monoton- 
ous day's work of the human machine 
engaged in making perhaps one little 
motion, over and over again, hour after 
hour? And what are the homes they 
are scattering to for the night? Yet 
life and home and freedom mean as 
much to them as to you. 

And there are the mines with their 
terrible tales of danger and death and 
bereavement. Child labor also is plen- 
tiful here. 

And there are the hordes of berry- 
pickers who go out from the cities, whole 
families of them, long before school 
term ends, live in crowded shacks and 
return to the city slums some time after 
school begins. 

So we might go on telling of the 
many hardships and injustices — of how 
the other half lives, while those who 
feel themselves the better half, compla- 
cently say: "Am I my brother's keep- 
er?" 

*Shriver — Immigrant Forces, pp. 113 and 
116. 




National Child Labor Committee 

"HOMES" IN A MILL TOWN 

In a Rhode Island Mill town typical of such sections. The landlords are most often 
to bkrnie 




HOW THE OTHER HALF LIVES 

Such is the inside of many a home of our neighbors, often through no fault of their own. 

The friendly acquaintance with such heroines might improve some of us much 




National Child. Labor Committee 

TWO MILES FROM DAYLIGHT 

The coal which warms us and rtms our industries, comes through the toil and danger 

and death of the foreign^born 




1^1. 

National Child Labor Lo _ _ 

CRANBERRY PICKERS 

In the bogs of New Jersey whole families of immigrants hire out for the season 

13 




National Child Labor Committee 

A MINE DRIVER 

This hoy has been driving for a year. 

What has life ahead for him? 

Yet, through it all, there is one saving 
factor — ^the spirit of the pioneer. These 
men and women, boys and girls, these 



seekers after freedom, are the real suc- 
cessors of the earlier settlers of Amer- 
ica. They are wiilling to live in the 
rough, and patiently toil that they may 
attain; while ofttimes the lineal de- 
scendants of the first settlers, or of the 
earlier immigramts, have grown soft and 
convention-bound and self-satisfied. 
That is the reason why the children of 
immigrants in our schools and colleges 
generally stand at the head. It is im- 
possible to deny the fact that these new 
imimigrants have in their hands the 
making of the America of the future, 
for weal or woe. Which shall it be? 
They will attain if given the chance. 
Are we giving them the chance? That 
is the point thrust upon us. 

"O beautiful for patriot dream 
That sees beyond the years 
Thine aJabaster dties gleam 
Undimmed by human tears ! 

America ! America ! 
God shed His grace on thee 
And crown thy good with brotherhood 
From sea to shining sea." 




AN EAGER LITTLE INTERPRETER 
14 




National Child Labor Co 



THE PIONEERS 



These seasonal workers in the bogs, beet farms and the like, live during the working 
months in shacks and then return to the city slums 




THESE HAVE ATTAINED 
A Greek Farm in California. Owned and run by Greeks. The object of most immi- 
grants who toil and save at the roughest work, is to attain independence and set up 
for themselves 




THE AiLIEN MENACE 

This picture is an arsenal of weapons and bombs taken from strikers at Gary, Indiana 
(Note the revolutionary poster and the red flag) 




anti-a:\ierica ajnierican; 

A Bolshevist procession marching up Fifth Avenue in New York City. See how 

young the marchers are. The children of immigrants are the biggest menace or hope 

of America? Do we give them a chance? 



Aliens or Americans 

We all know of the anarchistic prop- 
aganda which swept our country after 
the war. How can such things happen 
in our beloved America? Are there not 
ait least two reasons: one, the infernal 
ingenuity of the foreign propagandist 
sent here for that very purpose; the 
other, the fertile soil he finds, viz.: 
thousands of men and women who have 
never known the meaning of true Amer- 
ican ideals because they have never been 
in touch with true Americans. Is this 
not also perhaps in part the fault of 
those who call themselves "true Amer- 
icans"? Have we been neighbors to 
our neighbors? 

A Bolshevist procession is marching 
up Fifth Avenue in New York City, and 
see how young are the marchers. It is 
this second generation — native born of 
foreign parents, who have become a 
greater menace than their parents. The 
criminal record of the foreign^bom is 
less than that of the native. But mark 
this well: the criminal record of the sec- 
ond generation is far higher than that 
of the native. The children absorb 
American independence and look down 
upon their "foreign" parents with 
scorn; and so, the God-given nurture of 
home life, of which the ideal was so high 
in the Old Country, has undergone in 
many cases a sad perversion. And I 
wonder if in this procession there are 
not some who own generations of Amer- 
ican ancestry, the parlor Bolshevists, 
that small, influential group of fools and 
fanatics who above all need to learn 
that liberty is not synonymous with H- 
cense. This is the dark side; but there 
is another side to the story. 

As during the war we scanned the 
casualty lists day by day, what kind of 
names did we read? In the Victory 
Liberty Loan poster, which we have seen 
everywhere, is the typical list of our boys 
— outlandisih foreign names — AMERI- 
CANS ALL. These died for our com- 
mon country, and the world's liberty. 




O'Brien 
Cejka ■ 
•Haucke 

fttpwtidnkpiooi 
Andraby 



THE VICTORY LIBERTY LOAN 
POSTER 

Yanks 

O'Leary's from Chicago and a first-class fight- 
in' man, 
B;am in County Clare or Kerry wihere the 

gemtle art began. 
Sergeant Dennis P. O'Leary from somewhere 

on Archie Road, 
Do'dgin' shell amd smellin' . powder, while the 

battle ebbed and flowed. 
Amd the Captain says, "O'Leaiy, frcHn your 

fightin' Company 
Pick a dozen fig'htin' Yankees and oome skirm- 

ishin' with me. 
Pick a dozen fightin' devils, and I know it's 

you that can." 
And O'Leary he saluted, like a first-class 

fightin' man. 
O'Leary's eye was piercin' and O'Leary's voice 

was clear, 
"Dimitri Georgeopoulos !" and Dimitri an- 
swered "Here!" 
Then "Vladimir Slaminski, step three paces 

to the front. 
For we're wantim' you to join us in a little 

Heinie hunt." 
"Garibaldi Ravioli!" — Garibaldi was to share. 
And "Axel Ole Eettelson!" and "T!h:omas 

Scalp the Bear," 
Who was Choctaw by^ inheritance, bred in 

his blood and bones, 
But put down in army records by the name 

of Thomas Jones. 



P: E C 

SCHOOL 




AMERICANIZATION AT ARMY SPEED 
Recruit Educational Centre at Camp Upton, New York. Entrance requirements are 
entire inability to read or write English. The pupils are of many races mixed together. 



'•Van Winkle Schuyler Stuyvesant!" Van 

Winkle was a bud 
Of the andent tree of Stuyvesant, and had 

it in hds Wood. 
"Don Miguel de Colombo!" Don Mfiguel's 

next of kin 
Were across the Rio Grande when Don Mi- 
guel went in. 
"Ulysses Grant O'Sheridan !" Ulysses' sire, 

you see, 
Had beeti at Appomattox near the famous 

apple tree. 
And "Patrick Midhael Casey!" Patrick Mi- 
chael you can tell 
Was a figiMin' man by nature, with three 

fightin' names as well. 
"Joe Wheeler Lee!" and Joseph had a pair 

of fightin' eyes, 
And his grand-dad was a Johnny as pefhaps 

you might surmise. 
Then "Robert Bruce McPherson!" and the 

Yankee squad was done. 
With "Isaac Abie Oohem!" once lightweigiht 

champion. 
O'Leary paced 'em forward, and says he: 

"You Yanks fall in!" 
And he marched 'em to the Captain: "Let 

the skirmishin' begin," 
Says he, "The Yanks are comin' and you beat 

'elm if you can!" 
And saluted like a soldier and first-class 

fightin' man. — Robert Foley. 



The American Legion 

The American Legion is perhaps the 
greatest force for true Americanization 
in the country, and wtill keep aUve in 
our boys of many races the spirit of 
loyalty and service and fellowship. 
Surely we ought to do our utmost to 
back up this great organization. Our 
Bishop Brent was one of the original 
seventeen founders. The Preamble to 
the Constitution of the American Le- 
gion reads: 

For God and Country we associate our- 
selves together for the foUcwing purposes: 
To^ uphold and defend the Constitution of 
the United States of America; to maintain 
law land order; to foster and perpetuate a 
one hundred per cent Americanism; to pre- 
serve the memories and incidents of our as- 
sociation in the Great War; to inculcate a 
sense of individual obligations to the com- 
munity, state and nation; to make right the 
master of might; to promote peace and good 
will on earth; to safeguard and transmit to 
posterity the principles of justice, freedom 
and demooracy ; to consecrate and sanctify 
our comradeship by our devotion to mutual 
helpfulness. 

This is what America ought to mean. 



18 



AMERICANIZATION 



LET us consider now several exam- 
ples of what has come to be called 
"Americanization", though that word 
has been so misunderstood and misused 
that we must be wary of employing it. 

The quickest way is in the Recruit 
Educational Centres of the Army camps 
throughout the country, where new 
and raw recruits from various parts 
of the country have been gathered since 
the war — illiterates and men who can- 
not speak or read a word of English. 
They are mixed up together, no Italian 
being allowed to bunk next to an Ital- 
ian, but the Italian wliith the Syrian, the 
Pole with the Russdan and so on. Thus 
under military discipline and regular 
routine instruction these men in from 
four to six months learn the English 
language, the meaning of our Govern- 
ment and real loyalty. The Americans 
All Platoon from one camp school, rep- 
resenting fourteen nationalities has 
given exhibitions in various sections of 
the country and appeared before Con- 
gressional committees. It is a most 
successful plan, and it is interesting to 
know that the backbone of it, an army 
chaplain, is one of our own clergy. 

The factory school, that is classes 
in English, etc., during regular work- 
ing hours, is coming more and more 
to the fore. This is much better than 
the -night school; for tired workingmen 
and women either will not come at night 
or, if they do, are not in the best shape 
to learn. The factory school is extreme- 
ly valuable, not only from a patriotic 
and social standpoint, but it also pays 
the employer many times over in in- 
creased efficiency. It is also interest- 
ing to know that the ■ 'director of all the 
welfare work of one great corporation 
employing 50,000 mien of many races, 
where is the English school which is 
shown in the picture on the next page, 
is again one of our clergy. 



Although of course the learning of 
our language is a necessary foundation, 
it is only a means to an end, and all 
right education and social service should 
touch the life at home. It is the for- 
eign-born women who most of all are 
out of touch with American life. In 
California, government-paid teachers go 
about to the homes teadiing the women. 
I wonder how muoh the woman in the 
picture on the next page paid for the 
frame of the photograph on the wall. 
That is an example of petty exploitation. 
The men in the picture are factory advis- 
ers, attempting in many ways to help 
the home to fit into the life of the com- 
munity. Yet better and more efficient 
than paid advisers, is ordinary Chris- 
tian neighborliness of ordinary men and 
women. Every family that calls itself 
American should make it a point to 
be real neighbors to at least one fam- 
ily of the so-called "foreigners" — neigh- 
bors in the real sense, treating them 
with the same kind of friendship «as 
their dther fri'ends. This is the real 
foundation of true Americanization, and 
the lack of it has been the root trou- 
ble. Have you been neighbors to your 
neighbors? 

There are many other ways of reach- 
ing the foreign^bom and their children 
upon which there is not space to dwell. 
There are the social settlement centres, 
backyard playgrounds, Americanization 
Leagues of mlany kinds, the Y. M. C. A., 
the Y. W. C. A., the K. of C, the D. A. 
R., and of course the various federal, 
state and municipal programs. 

The Diepartment of the Interior has 
a big program of federal and state co- 
operation in solving the problem, but its 
carrying out has been delayed by Con- 
gressional dallying. 

One fine miunicipal example is the 
city of Cleveland, where the whole mat- 
ter has been carried on with great wis- 





THE FACTORY SCHOOL 

Many industrial plants are running polyglot schools in English and Citizenship during 
working hours 




ADVICE IN THE HOME 
Factory welfare advisers getting in helpful touch with the homes of employees 




A BACK YARD PLAYGROUND 

The hack yard of a house in the centre of a block turned into a neighbor- 
hood house. An easy and good flan. 



dom, sympathy and success. Well-led 
nalturalization classes are held, and the 
act of naturalization has been made in- 
to a ceremony. The new citizens are 
received into American fellowship in 
such a way as to make them realize 
the dignity and privilege of citizen- 
ship. 

The Public Library in Cleveland is 
doing its duty. At one branch, which 
is patronized by majny races, the offi- 
cial notice of the Library reads: 

All chUdren are welcomed to the Children's 
Room and to the story hours which are held 
on Saturdays during the fall and winter 
months. The books and magazines for the 
children are carefully chosen and of a high 
order of merit. 

This library and others like it contain 
books in different languages and maga- 
zines from Europe, as well as special 
books in English on care of children, 
business, dItizensIMp, etc. Most impor- 
tanlt of all, the library staff is in sjon- 
pa'thetic touch with its patrons. 

The foreign collection of the Detroit 
Public Library comprises 21,127 vol- 
umes in Arabic, Armenlian, Bohemian, 
Danish, Dutch, ELnnish, French, Ger- 
man, Greek (modem), Hebrew, Hunga- 



rian, Italian, Lithuanian, Polish, Portu- 
guese, Roumanian, Russian, Spanish, 
Swedish, Ukrainian and Yiddish. 

It is the boys and giris, the children 
of the foredgn-bom, who are especially 
our coimtry's menace or opportunity. 
As stated above, 'they make some of our 
best scholars in our schools. They are 
the Americans of the future. The Scout 
oath begins: "On my honor I will do 
my best to do my duty to God and my 
country." A Boy Scout Troop in which 
several races are mixed together is one 
of the best Americanization factors 
there is. Giri Scouts and Campfire 
Girls have a Mke part to play. 

Chiefest of all in the bringing of 
many races togeither under one, and 
teaching loyalty to the Flag, is the pub- 
lic school. There is no need of em- 
phasizing this fact. Here is a story of 
a public school in one of our large cities : 

A visitor of an investigating turn of 
mind asked the pupils of various nation- 
alities, Germans, Poles, Russian Jews, 
Italians, Armenians and Greeks, to 
stand up in turn. When the long list 
was seemingly exhausted, he bethought 
himself of a nation he had overlooked, 
and said, "Now, let the American chil- 



21 




National Child Labor Committee 

AMERICAN MESSENGER BOYS 

Are these young Americans of foreign parentage keeping late hours, familiar with 
the city's vices, learning the trve American Ideals? 



dren stand up!" Whereupon one lone, 
lorn, little colored boy stood up to rep- 
resent America! 

So they have come, our 
neighbors from the many 
lands of their birth to our 
Land of Fredom, to dwell 
here as our neighbors, and 
rear their families, and we 
have tried but feebly to be 
neighbors to them. But now 
that the war is over, our 
country is awakened as never 
before to the critical need of 
"making Americans for 
America". The menace of it 
and the opportunity of it and 
the widespread interest in it, 
is a great part of the new 
program of reconstruction. 
Let me repeat — the root of it 
all must be personal, ordi- 
nary Christian neighborliness. A 



■'Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thy- 
self." 






STREET CORNER IN THE CITY 




The chapel at the Church Missions House, where prayers for the missionary work of 
the Church are said every week-day at noon 



RELIGION 



WE have fiimished the first part of 
our stQiry, and we have not 
touched upon the most important fac- 
tor of all J without which true democ- 
racy cannot stand; without which all 
so-called Americanization must fail; and 
that which it is the Church's God-given 
responsibility to supply, viz.: religion 
— "the knowledge and love of God 
through Jesus Chrlist our Lord." "Thou 
sha'lt ilove the Lord thy God" is the first 
and great commandment, upon which 
the second, "Thou shalt love thy neigh- 
bor as thyself," depends. 

Religion is the only sure foundation 
of American democracy. Without it 
our country must decay and fall. Re- 
cently to our new field-director for for- 
eign-born Americans, the Reverend W. 
C. Emhardt, Jane Addams and Graham 
Taylor — voicing what other great so- 
cial service workers feel — ^said that the 
greatest need among our foreign-born 
13 religion, and that the Church must 
supply tihds need, boldly and without 



camouflage. Business men are familiar 
with Babson's Reports, dealing mainly 
with matters of finance. A recent re- 
port begins as follows : 

"The need of the hour is not more legisla- 
tion. The need of the' hour is more religion 
More religion is needed everywhere, from the 
halls of Congress at Wasihington to the facto- 
ries, mines, fields and forests. It is one thing 
to talk about plans and policies, but a plan 
and policy Without a religious motive is like 
a wtaitch without a spring, cur a body with- 
out the breath of life." 

To furnish religion to Americans is 
what the Churdh of America is for. We 
as Churchmen should of course be good 
citizens, and take a leading part in all 
the best kinds of secular Americaniza- 
tion. But as Churchmen and citizens 
of the Kingdom of God, we have a spe- 
cial and deeper duty. It is to minister 
to the souls of men ; to teach the knowl- 
edge and love of God, and to provide 
for them the sacramental touch with 
God through Jesus Christ our Lord; 
these alone can furnSsh them with life 
as God meant it to be. If we fail in 




CHURCH MISSIONS HOUSE 

The headquarters of the Presiding Bishop and Council of the Episcopal Church, 

281 Fourth Avenue, corner of '23nd Street amd Uh Avenue, New York City. On the 

fourth floor at the extreme left is the office of Reverend Thomas Burgess, Secretarr^ 

for Foreign-born Americans 

24 




PART OF THE FOURTH FLOOR AT THE CHURCH MISSIONS HOUSE 



this we are disloyal both to our coun- 
try and our God. 

It is like the Day of Pentecost here 
in America. Here are gathered men out 
of every nation. The millions of foreign 
birth and their children stretch forth 
their hands toward heaven with that 
spiritual longing which is a part of 
every man's make-up. These are our 
neighbors everywhere, over 35,000,000 
people — in mfany places the majority of 
our population — ^and this is a point we 
must not fail to realize — the larger part 
of these are unchurched, uns hep herded. 
We as the Church of the Living God 
must minister to the souls of these our 
brethren, or else in the sight of God 
our Churoh has no right to exist. It 
is not a matter of proselyting, but of 
reaching the unchurched — of saving 
millions from atheism, and their lives 
from its result. This is Foreign Mis- 
sions at Home, and in this kind of mis- 
sions we not only give and pray and 
send, but we ourselves are called to be 
the missionaries. 

Our Church has done a little here and 
there in the past, but not until June, 



1919, have we taken it up in earnest, 
when a new department of Domestic 
Missions was created with a central of- 
fice at the Church Missions House in 
New York, with its departmental title: 
Church Work among Foreign-born 
Americans and their Children. The call 
has gone forth and the Church has 
awakened to the opportunity and begun 
to provide. Churchmen and Church- 
women have volunteered for service. It 
is an all-important part in the Nation- 
Wide Campaign. 

* * * * 
In the following sections we will show 
those races of our neighbors to whom 
our Church has a special responsibil- 
ity. The people of these particular 
races are our Church's special responsi- 
bilities, 'because our Church, One, Ho'ly, 
Catholic and Apostolic, Avith its full gos- 
pel, definite authority and sacramental 
life, is most Hke the Church which they 
knew as their own Church in their home- 
land — ^and here so many of them are un- 
churched. To most of them before they 
came to our shores, religion was an out- 
standing factor in their lives. 




ITALIANS 

These hoys are little Italians, mostly American horn, 
of the Church School of one of our missions 



OUR CHURCH'S RESPONSIBILITIES 




AMERICANS DON'T LIKE 
ITALIANS 



Italians 

THE first foreign-born man to come 
to America was a gentleman from 
Italy by the name of Christopher Co- 
lumbus, wiho "in 1492 crossed the ocean 
blue." In the last twenty years Ital- 
ians have been coming in such great 
throngs that there are now as our neigh- 
bors over 4,000,000 of these attractive 
and industrious people, including their 
children born here. New York, Penn- 
sylvania and New Jersey together have 
over a million Italian residents, and 
they are scattered everywhere through- 
out the United States. One reason wihy 
they are our Church's responsibility is 
that less than one-ithird of them are 
faithful to the Roman Catholic Church ; 
only 20,000 more are accounted for by 
the Protestant Churches. Yet these if 
given the opportunity readily respond 
to religious influences. 




PALERMO 

A city of Sicily, beside the blue Mediterranean 



Everywhere the Italians have done 
our hard, rough work for us, and after 
they have been here a while many be- 
come small shop proprietors, some large 
property owners; and there are a num- 
ber in the professiional class. Most of 
them come here to stay, though such may 
not have been their original intention. 
A large proportion of those who return to 
Italy, soon feel obliged to come back 
again. The same is true of other im- 
migrants. The percentage of those who 
return to their native land is really small 
in comparison to the large numbers who 
settle for good among us and bring up 
large families of future Americans. 

Most of our Italian people come to 
us from South Italy, the southern part 
of the Italian peninsula, and from 
Sicily. This is because the south is less 
developed than the north along com- 
mercial and industrial lines. A large 
number come from small country towns 
out of touch with the life of the cities. 
The Italians generally emigrate because 
of living conditions which in Italy are 



very hard on account of over-popula- 
tion and burdensome taxation. Italy 
has an area about twice that of the 
state of Illinois. Two times the pop- 
ulation of Illinois is 12,000,000; Italy 
has over 35,000,000. 

We all know that Italy is called "the 
garden of the world, the home of all 
art yields." Our Italian neighbors in 
America come from this great race to 
which the world owes so much. There 
is no need to weary the reader with the 
host of familiar names of pre-eminent 
Italian genius in every department of 
art, science and invention. 

The churches of Italy are very beau- 
tiful. Worship there is always enhanced 
by art. There is no need to repeat the 
history of the Church of Rome in all 
its glory and power, and its failings. 
Remember that Italy of the present 
time is a country of a free people, less 
than fifty years old in its modern unity, 
since the battle between Church and 
State was won in 187 1 by the State, 
and the diverse principalities were unit- 




A CHURCH IN ITALY 

The Italian Churches are very beautiful. Even the small country churches are 
dignified and attractively embellished 



ed. It is sad that owing to the antag- 
oniism between Church and State in 
Italy, a great number of Italians find 
it impossible to reconcile their patriot- 
ism with their religion. And therefore 
we have in Italy millions of people who 
refuse to accept the Roman Church as 
their Church. These people remain 
without any Church affiliation, though 
not without a religion of some sort. It 
is thus that among the Italian immi- 
grants here, our Church has an obvious 
duty. We can give to the Italians who 
are dissatisfied a liturgy which strongly 
appeals to them^ and a tradition of pa- 
triotic churohmanship. The Italians are 
naturally religious. If properly ap- 
proached they will respond. All over 
Italy, especially in the country, are found 
wayside shrines, erected often as a 
thank-offering. Before these the way- 
farer is wont to stop for meditation and 
prayer. At Christmastide they love to 



visit the elaborate creches set up in every 
church, and religious festivals are cele- 
brated with much pomp and festivity. 




A WAYSIDE SHRINE 

At such shrines in Italy, the peasants 
are accustomed to stop and pray 




4^j.fi^:^ 



A RACE OF YOUNG AMERICANS 

Italian children of Grace Chapel, New York City, at the summer school belonginff 
to the parish 




PARADE OX SAINT ROCCQ-S DAY 
Children of Saint Rocco's Ilalkin Church, Youngstown, Oht 




CHOIR OF SAINT MARY'S ITALIAN MISSION, WIND GAP, PENNSYLVANIA 



The Italian came to America, Per 
vivere bene, "to live well." He has had 
a hard time of it here, but has been 
very courageous. He, and especially 
his children here, must be brought in 
touch with What is best in American 
life instead of, as is usual, with the 
worst, and they must be kept from 
growing up without the bnowledge of 
God. 

We have twenty-two Italian missions 
ministered to by priests of Italian birth. 
Considerfing the lack of unified plan and 
support, they have accomplished much. 
Thirteen are in New York and the 
others are in Massadhusetts, Connecti- 
cut, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indianapolis, 
and Illinois. 

Almost twenty years ago, Grace 
Ohapel, on the East Side of New York, 
started work among our Italians with a 
day nursery. This mission has greatly 
prospered. Over eight hundred people 
have ibeen received or confirmed and 
large congregations averaging two hun- 



dred and fifty attend the services every 
Sunday. Social and educational work 
are carried on in Neighborhood Houses. 
This shows what can be done among the 
Italians with a whole definite plan, 
proper financial backing, a devoted staff 
of workers and a ibeautiful church with 
adequate equipment. Many of our mis- 
sions are poorly housed, equipped and 
financed, and it is a -wonder that suOh 
have accomplished as much as they have. 
In Boston a good work is being done, 
and recently the 'beautiful chapel of Saint 
Francis of Assissi,— largely the gift of 
American benefactors — was erected. 
Such are the worshipful surroundings 
which alone appeal to the Italian. To 
ask him to worship in some poor parish 
room, or cheap bare structure, seems to 
the Italian not only an insult to himself, 
but also to Almighty God. 

Take at random, two more examples: 
There is a flourishing Italian mission at 
Wind Gap, Pennsylvaniaj where as the 
pictures show, raw material is made over 
by Church influences into good examples 
of American refinement. One whole 



31 




A WORSHIPFUL CHURCH 

The Chapel of Saint Francis of Asissi, in Boston. Built and furnished by 

outside benefactors. Italians should everywhere be given places of worship, 

dignified and beautiful. To invite them to worship in a hired hall or meanly 

furnished church seems an insult to them and to God 



i^^^S: 




A NEW BEGINNING 
At the Holy Redeemer, Port Richmond, Staten Island, New York, where, without 
outside help, Italian people worked together, and in 1919 laid the corner stone of a 
new and bigger church and hall 




SOCIETY OF CONFRATERNITA del SS, me REDENTORE 

The men who are building the new church 




THE RAW MATERIAL 

A group of American youngsters of Italian parentage with their priest and his good 

wife at our Italian Church in Wind Gap, Pennsylvania. Taken in the first year 

of the mission 




TWO YEARS LATER 

Here you see them two years later, showing what Church influence can do in the way 

of American refinement 

34 




THE LITTLE MOTHERS LEAGUE 

Learning the proper care of babies at Saint Bocco's, Youngstown, Ohio. The family life 

in an Italian home is very lovely in its affections, but many little children die or 

are stunted, through ignorance of proper care 

missionaries should be taken under the au- 
thority of the General Board, and the salaries 
paid by the same. 

Hymnal: It is the opinion of this confer- 
ence that, although it is advisable to use the 
English Hymnal, an Italian Hymnal is neces- 
sary. 

That the Hymnal prepared by the Reverend 
Delia Cioppa be published. 

Prayer Book: That this conference of 
Italian clergymen recommends to the Com- 
mission on the Italian Prayer Book, that a 
new translation be made instead of correcting 
the old one. 

Periodical: This conference commends 
that an Italian periodical be published for use 
by all Italians in this country for their Ameri- 
canization and religious instruction. 

That it be published by the Department of 
Foreign-born Americans, with the co-operation 
of a committee of Italian priests, selected by 
the secretary of said department. 

Bi-LiNGUAL Publications: It is the desire 
of this conference that the publication of con- 
densed service books or pamphlets be made in 
Italian-English in parallel columns. 

English Language: Although in many 
cases the use of the Italian language is abso- 
lutely necessary, this conference commends the 
wide-spread practice of using the English 
language as much as possible in the services 
and instructions. 

Thanks: Vote of thanks to the secretary. 



parish of Italians, Saint Rocco's at 
Youngstown, Ohio, was formeriy a 
Roman Catholic parish; then they be- 
came independent; finally they asked 
our bishop to take them over into oui 
Church, and a fine religious work is the 
result. Let us mention in passing, that 
the Italian girl in Italy or America is 
rarely allowed to go out without an 
escort. The family life in an Italian 
home is very lovely. 

In the autumn of 1919, our Italian 
priests were brought together at the call 
of the Secretary for Foreign-born Ameri- 
cans. They all came except one who was 
ill and four others still in war service. 
The Italian priests were housed in one 
of the ihalls of the General Theological 
Seminary, New York, and had the use of 
the chapel for their services. The fol- 
lowing resolutions were adopted by this 
Conference : 

General Missionaries : That two mission- 
aries be appointed by the General Board of 
Missions for itinerant work among Italian 
missions, and to survey and establish new 
missions. 

Uniform Control: It is the opinion of 
this conference that the Italian work and 




A CONFIRMATION OF HUNGARIANS OR MAGYARS 



Italian missions in which at least 
some of the services are in the old world 
tongue — ^the same is true of other races 
— are essential for the plain reason that 
just as you cannot talk to a man in a 
language he cannot understand, so the 
worship and preaching must be compre- 
hensible. But apart from this, in every 
community w'here there are Italians — • 
and there is scarcely a community where 
there are not Italians — ^it is our Chris- 
tian duty to be Christian neighbors to 
these our neighbors. If we only ap- 
proach them in this Christian way they 
will respond to the opportunity of com- 
ing (to our services and Sunday school. 
Remember the majority of them are un- 
churched. Nevertheless it is difficult to 
establish this point of contact. It means 
an understanding of the Italian nature 
and a true Christian sympathy. In 
all our efforts to minister Christian 
kindness and Christian nurture to the 
foreign-born Americans, careful study is 
the first essential, the attainment of real 
knowledge of the particular race; only 
so can we reach sympathy. 



Other Lapsed Roman Catholics 

There are two other races in America 
which Ihave, in a much less degree lapsed 
from Roman Catholicism, and to whom 
only a Church of dignified ritual, def- 
inite authority and sacramenJtal teach- 
ings can make a full appeal. They are 
the Poles and the Hungarians. The 
Poles, like ithe Irish, are generally faith- 
ful Roman Catholics, but we certainly 
have a duty to their unchurched. We 
have three Polish congregations under 
Polish clergy in Philadelphia. In many 
places we are in cordial touch with "Old 
Catholic" Polish parishes. We also have 
a fine Hungarian or Magyar work in 
Trenton, New Jersey, where our ener- 
getic Magyar priest planned, financea 
and largely built with his own hands an 
excellent church. 

Across the border from old Mexico 
have come somewhere between one and 
two million Mexicans. Bishop Howden 
of New Mexico writes: "Owing to the 
Mexican or Spanish American popula- 
tion in New Mexico, almost every mis- 
sion has this Americanization possibil- 
ity." These people, living in wretched 
poverty, illiteracy, and often with an 
inborn hatred to the United States, and 



37 



THE FIRST SAIN'l 
CLEMENT'S, EL 

PASO 
"The Little Watch 
Tower of the Bio 



a blind atheism, constitute a large and 
difficult problem. 

Other Latin Americans are pouring 
into our country at the present time. It 
is said that there are now 60,000 of these 
in New York City. There are also 
colonies of European Spaniards and 
Portuguese, many of whom have drifted 
away from all religion. 







».■»,«•' o.V>i. ■ArnSit 



"TW 



./r«r 




-■^ k 




""" ' 1^^' i*^. 



a' iW'ani 







d 






ADOBE HOMES IN NEW MEXICO 
What can tt'c do to save our Mexican neighbors from atheism and laiclessness? 





i 



rf~= 



THE 

SUNSHINE MISSION 

IN 
SAN FRANCISCO 



<•"*<■ 



^^ 



Orientals 

There are some 200,000 Japanese and 
Chinese in the United States, especially 
on fthe Pacific coast, and also in our 
largest cities. We have some missions 
on the coast doing good work in a small 
way. These, too, we ought to increase. 
The Orierttal dn this country, if he goes 
back again, tells how the Churdh into 
which the missionaries tried to 'bring 'him 
in China or Japan, will have nothing to 
do with him in America. 

There are a number of Buddhist 
temples in California. Our Church has 
begun to reach out towards the 7,000 
Hindus on the Pacific coast. 




FIRST JAPANESE MISSION HOUSE 
IN SEATTLE 




In thh mhsim 



A CHINESE PRIEST AND HIS SERVERS 

San Francisco, the Lord's Bay is begun with the Lord's Service 



If ^ 









YOUNG MEN'S BIBLE CLASS, OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA 
40 




A GREAT CHRISTIAN JEW 
Bishop Schereschewsky of our American Church's Mission in China 



Hebrews 

Our Blessed Lord's plan was to 
preaoh first to the Jew. We seem to 
have utterly neglected our Lord's and 
his Apostles' racial brethren. Is it not 
our duty to proclaim to all Jews their 
Messiah? There are nearly 4,000,000 
Jews in America, more than half of them 
foreign-bom. A very large number of 
them have lost hold on any religion. 

One of our greatest scholars and mis- 
sionaries, Schereschewsky, bishop of our 
American Mission in China, was a con- 
verted Jew, and he besought us not 
to negilect his own people in America. 
Alexander, the first Anglican bishop in 
Jerusalem, Bishop Hellmuth of Canada, 
and several other English bishops were 



also converted Jews. In England truly 
remarkable results have been Accom- 
plished by the Church's mission to the 
Jews. Over three hundred of the clergy 
there are converted Jews or of Jewish 
descent. This shows what, we could ac- 
complish if only we had a little faith 
and would try. A large majority of the 
Jews in America have never seen the 
inside of the New Testament. Obvious- 
ly, however. Christian kindness on our 
part must first be shown. Their wall 
of prejudice against Christianity is very 
hard to break down, and our wall of 
prejudice against the Jew is also thick. 
Nevertheless, in Christ's name, must we 
not be neighbors and miissionaries to 
them also? 




OLD AND NEW BOHEMIA 
Bohemian city with the ancient church and modern railroad 




TRIAL OF JOHN HUS 

Note the fine Slavic face of Bus and the German faces of his accusers. See his 

priestly vestments lianging, which were stripped from him. John Hus is to the Czech 

what Washington is to us, and Garibaldi is to the Italian. He preached both national 

and religious freedom. 



Czechs 

Is not the lad in the picture "Czech, 
U. S. N.", a fine specimen? He is a Czech 
(pronounced Check). We used to call 
them "Bohemians." He volunteered for 
service in the Great War. Note the 
broad head and also the smile, both 
characteristic of this wonderful race. 
They have suddenly leapt again into the 
page of history — a nation reborn — 
Czedho-Slovakia. Did you know that 
three-quarters of a million of our neigh- 
bors here in this country were Czechs? 
120,000 of them are in Chicago, 60,000 
in New York, and others in various parts 
of the country — Nebraska, Texas, Ore- 
gon, Wisconsin, Virginia, Massachusetts 
and elsewhere. They have been coming 
here since the '50s, and are a fine, clean, 
bright, thoroughly American group. Less 
than two per cent are classed as illiterate. 

The name of Bohemia has been writ- 
ten large in many a page of history. One 
of the great and ancient universities of 
Europe is that of Prague. Bishop Co- 
menius was the founder of public school 
education. For a thousand years these 
virile people stemmed bravely the tide of 
pan-Germanism, until their country stood 
projected alone into Germany almost like 
an island. At last in 1620, three hun- 
dred years ago, they were conquered, 
though they did not yield. Bleeding 
from their wounds they awaited their 
time — ^and it has at last come. 

Note the fine Slavic face of the ac- 
cused in the picture of the trial, and the 
German faces of his accusers. See his 
priestly vestments hanging, which were 
stripped from hdm. John Hus is to the 
Czech what Washington is to us, and 
Garibaldi to the Italian. The Church of 
Bohemia and Moravia, founded from the 
East by the Greeks, reitained its East- 
em love for spiritual liberty and living 
faith, despite the efforts of German mis- 
sionaries. John Hus, the glorious, who 
preadied against tihe corruption of the 




CZECH, U. S. N. 

clergy and for freedom, was brought by 
German intrigue before a council and 
declared a heretic. Never was there a 
more infamous council nor a wickeder 
sentence. He was burned at the stake 
July 6, 141 5, a day kept by his coun- 
trymen ever since. From then on, the 
Czechs aroused to passionate fury for 
righteousness and religious freedom, un- 
der the great leader Ziska, fought 
against the Western world, until in 1620 
they were finally conquered. The real 
Church of Bohemia was called the "Utra- 
quist" Church, that is the Church of both 
elements in the Holy Communion. One 
of the Catholic rights they fought for 
was the restoration of the dialice to the 
laity, of which the Church of Rome had 
deprived them. See in the picture of 
the Hussite warrior the chalice em- 
broidered on his shoulder, and see the 
chalice on the gravestone. 

New Czech-Slovakia has now a na- 
tional Church of her own, established 
January 8, 1920, the old John Hus 
43 




A HUSSITE SOLDIER OF THE XVth CENTURY 

Note the chalice on his shoulder and on the gravestone 




JOHN HUS KISSED BY CHRIST 

A legend known to every Czech 



Church with its clergy, its sacraments, 
its full gospel, free from Rome. In 19 19, 
the Roman Catholic clergy of Czecho- 
slovakia sent an ultimatum to the Pope, 
demanding, among other rights, the res- 
toration of the chalice, the services in 
the Czech language and a married priest- 
hood. It sounded like the decrees of 
our English bishops at the Reformation 
in England. 

The pictures of the trial and the mar- 
tyrdom are from post cards printed in 
freed Czecho-Slovakia. They show the 
deep religious background and longing 
of the Czech. The beautiful legend has 
it, and every Czech boy had heard it, 
that as the martyr Hus, crowned with 
the fool's cap, was burning at the stake, 
Christ was seen to come and kiss him. 

A writer describes the scene when 
Czecho-Slovak troops passing through 
England attended service recently in 
Winchester Cathedral: "Thousand of 
men in strange uniforms with war-worn 



« 


fm 


bW- 


J%^^^K.^ 4 







CZECH RED CROSS WORKERS 

^ group of Czech working people looks very little different from an ordinary 
of other American people. The Czechs do not need Americanization 



banners passed in slow step into the 
great cathedral. Keen men with sad, 
earnest faces filled the nave. When the 
anthem was ended, 'the clergy paused, 
and then, in splendid accord, the Czechs 
sang in their own tongue a rendering of 
our national anthem, following by their 
own national hymn, Kde demov muj? 
("Where is my Home?") The chants 
they sang with their fierce expressive 
rendering were the war-songs of the 
Hussites. They bore the chalice on 
their banners, and each wore the same 
chalice on his shoulder straps. The 
chalice signified the night their ances- 
tors fought for, to take the cup in the 
Holy Communion." 

The Czechs here in America need 
above all else, religion, and we are fitted 
to give it to them. Out of the 750,000 
Czechs in America, the Roman Catholics 
lay claim to only 200,000. There are 



less than 50,000 reached by the dift'erent 
Protestant organizations, especially by 
the Presbyterian. That leaves 500,000 
unchurched. 

A group of Czech working people 
looks very little different from an ordi- 
nary group of other American people. 
Czechs do not need Americanization. At 
one time during the war, a self-consti- 
tuted Americanization Committee sallied 
forth to Americanize the foreigners. They 
knocked at the door of a Czech home 
and it was opened by the mother, who 
was rather frightened by the important- 
looking Commission. "We have come," 
said they, "to talk to you about Ameri- 
canization." "But excuse me, gentlemen, 
can you not please come some other day? 
My family is all out." "But madam, we 
wish to talk to you. Surely you must 
be interested in learning true loyalty to 
the land of your adoption." "But you 




CHOIR OF CZECH BOYS 
In our Church of the Atonement, Westfield, Massachusetts 




..Zij 



A CZECH SOKOL 
A gymmastic class of a typical Czech Sokol 



see," replied the poor woman, "my old 
man is working at the munition plant, 
and the two boys are with our United 
States Army fighting in France, and all 
the rest of the family are out selling 
Liberty bonds." So it is that every 
Czech in America, though rightly glory- 
ing in the reborn republic of Czecho- 
slovakia, is always a true American 
patriot. 

Also, our Czech neighbors are an up- 
right and morally clean people, shy and 
unassuming, but absorbingly interesting 
and companionable when you have 
gained their confidence. The children are 
miost fascinating. The family life is happy 
and centered about the mother. Not 
only the children, w^hen they go to 
work, bring 'home their money to the 
mother, but the men give over their en- 
tire wages to her. She settles the weekly 
bill, pays off the mortgage on the house 
and puts the balance in the Savings 
Bank. A girl of a Czech family, six- 
teen or seventeen years old, is in 
partnership witih her mother, working 
with her, even if she continues in school. 
She also looks after her small brothers 
and sisters and is in the gymnasium class 
in the "Sokol" with girls of her own age. 
A gymnastic class of a typical Czech 
"Sokol" is shown in the illustration. 
They are wholly in charge of the men, 
with men instructors for both girls and 
boys, and governed by a committee who 
are generally fathers of the children in 
die class. The Czechs do not need in- 
stitutional social service. Their finely 
run "Sokols" equal any social service 
work in the country, but alas, the "So- 
kol," to the average Czech, takes the 
place of the Church. There is a definite 
atheistic propaganda among them, hap- 
pily less wide-spread than formerly. 
What these people need, and what in 
their hearts ihey long for, is religion — 
the religion of a Church of real author- 
ity and life-nurturing sacraments. 

In Chicago some years ago, without 
any solicitation, eight hundred Czech 
children came over the tracks to one 
of our Sunday schools. When the rector 




HER MOTHER'S RIGHT HAND 

A Czech girl is in partnership with 
her mother 

left, the work was given up. In New 
York, two hundred Czechs were in one 
of our Sunday schools, and then the 
church proceeded to close, and was sold, 
because forsooth, the Americans had 
moved uptown! Thus the opportunity 
was lost for supplying religious instruc- 
tion among two hundred thousand 
people. The choir in the picture is that 
of our church at Westfield, Massachu- 
setts. Every boy is a Czech except two 
Slovaks. They are faithful and reverent 
communicants. And how they can sing! 
— fine full voices. Musicians all know 
that the Bohemians are a race of great 
musicians. In this church fifty children 
have been confirmed, and the rector is 
practically the pastor of the whole colony 
of 500 Czechs in this New England fac- 
tory town. 

What an opportunity is here! May 
the Master grant that the Church be led 
to minister to these lovable people, and 
bring them to His Holy Religion. 



Slovaks and Uniats 

The Slovaks are a lower type and 
generally faithful Roman Catholics. The 
foreign-looking group in the picture is 
a National Slovak Society in a Roman 
Catholic parish. The Slovaks are in the 
homeland the brethren of the Czechs, 
living in hard conditions, poor farmers 
on the slopes of the Carpathians, com- 
prising the less intellectual part of the 
new Czecho-Slovakia. To these people 
we should of course minister, if un- 
churched. Some Slovaks, and many 
Ukrainians or Ruthenians, are called 
Greek Catholics or Uniats, — that is to 
say, though under the Roman Catholic 
sway, they have been allowed to keep 
their Slavic liturgies and married priest- 
hood; they have many large congrega- 
tions in America. Without interfering 
with the religion of these, we can cer- 
tainly be Christian neighbors to them. 

"Scum o' the Earth"* 
I 

At ithe gate of the West I stand, 
On the isle where the nations throng. 
We call them "scum o' the earth" ; 

Stay, are we doing you wrong. 

Young fellow from Socrates' land? — 

You, like a Hermes so lissome and strong, 

Fresh from the master Praxiteles' hand? 

So you're of Spartan birth? 

Descended, perhaps, from one of the band — 

Deathless in story and song — 

Who combed their long hair at Thermopylae's 
pass? . . . 

Ah, I forget the straits, alas! 

Miore tragic than theirs, more compassion- 
worth, 

That have doomed you to march in our "im- 
migrant class" 

Where you're nothing but "scum o' the 
earth " 

II 

You Pole with the child on your knee. 
What dower bring you to the land of the 

free? 
Hark! does she croon 
That sad little tune 
That Chopin once found on his Polish lea 

^Published by courtesy of Houghton, Miff- 
lin Company. 



And mounted in gold for you and for me? 

Now a ragged young fiddler answers 

In wild Czech melody 

That Dvorak took whole from the dancers. 

And the heavy faces bloom 

In the wonderful Slavic way; 

The little, dull eyes, the brows a-gloom. 

Suddenly dawn like the day. 

While, watching these folk and their mystery, 

I forget that they're nothing worth. 

That Bohemians, Slovaks, Croatians, 

And mien of all Slavic nations 

Are "polacks"-^and "scum o' the earth." 

Ill 

Genoese boy of the level brow, 

Lad of the lustrous, dreamy eyes 

Asltare at Mlanbattan's pinnacles now 

In the first, sweet shock of a hushed sur- 
prise; 

Within your far-rapt seer's eyes 

I catdh the glow of the wild surmise 

That played on the Santa Maria's prow 

In that still gray dawn. 

Four centuries gone. 

When a world from the wave began to rise. 

Oh, it's hard to foretell what high emprise 

Is the goal that gleams 

When Italy's dreams 

Spread wing and sweep into the skies. 

Caesar dreamed him a world ruled well; 

Dante dreamed Heaven out of Hell; 

Angelo brought us there to dwell; 

And you, are you of a different birth?— 

You're only a "dago,"-^and "scum o' the 
earth" ! 

IV 

Stay, are we doing you wrong 

Calhng you "scum o' the earth," 

Man of the sorrow-bowed head. 

Of the features tender yet strong, — 

Man of the eyes full of wisdom and mystery 

Mingled with patience and dread? 

Have not I knowtn you in history, 

Sorrow-bowed head? 

Were you. the poat-king, worth 

Treasures of Ophir unpriced? 

Were you the prophet, rtPT'-'Honre. whose art 

Foretold how the rabble would mock 

That shepherd of spirits, erelong, 

Who should carry the lambs on his heart 

And tenderly feed his flock? 

Man — lift that sorrow-bowed head, 

Lo! 'tis the face of the Christ! , 

The vision dies at its birth, 
You're merely a butt for our mirth. 
You're a "sheeny"— and therefore despised 
And rejected as "scum o' the earth." 




AMERICANS OF SCANDINAVIAN STOCK 
These fine American boys and girls are the choir of our Swedish Church 
with their director, the rector's wife in the centre 



Countrymen, bend and invoke 

Mercy for us blasphemers, 

For that we spat on these marvelous folk, 

Nations of daxers and dreamers, 

Sdons of singers and seers, 

Our peers, and more than our peers. 

"Rabble and refuse," we name them 

And "scum o' the earth," to shame them. 

Mercy for us of the few, young years. 

Of the culture so callow and crude. 

Of the hands so grasping and rude, 

The lips so ready for sneers 

At the sons of our ancient more-than-peers. 



Mercy for us who dare despise 
Men in whose loins our Homer lies; 
Mothers of men who shall bring to us 
The glory of Titian, the grandeur of Hus; 
Children in whose frail arms shall rest 
Prophets and angers and saints of the West 

Newcomers all from the eastern seas. 
Help us incarnate dreams like these. 
Forget, and forgive, that we did you wrong 
Help us to father a nation, strong 
In the comradeship of an equal birth. 
In the wealth of the richest bloods of earth 
— Robert Haven Schauffler. 




SHIPS OF SAINT ANSGARIUS 

Scandinavians 

I do not think that anyone who knows 
the Swedes or Norwegians or Danes, 
would speak of them as the "scum of 
the earth." Though treated very often 
as "foreigners," they have become a 
solid, often leading part of our popula- 
tion. In the '70s a large number of Scan- 
dinavians came to this country, and 
every year since they have averaged 
about 50,000. Thus it may be seen that 
they belong equally to the older and 
newer immigration. There are something 



like 4,000,000 in this country, about half 
Swedes, the rest Norwegians and Danes. 
They are setted in the mid-West and on 
both the eastern and western coasts, and 
in a few states make up the majority 
of the population. Many are wealthy 
farmers and experts in various vocations. 
As to literacy, only a small fraction of 
one per cent is classed as illiteraite, far 
less than those of original American 
stock. Among them are governors, sen- 
ators, mayors and others of high political 
prominence, as well as philanthropists, 
like Jacob Riis. 

In the land of the Vikings, whence 
come this sturdy, intelligent people, is an 
old, cultured and freedom-loving civiliza- 
tion. Scandinavian schools maintain the 
same degree of excellence throughout the 
three countries. Education is free all 
the way through the univertity. In 
Sweden fifteen minutes of every hour 
of the school day is given up to games 
and exercises out of doors under trained 
leaders. Would that our American 
schools cared so much for our children's 
body-Jbuilding! Of course the Church 




A TYPICAL SCHOOL IN SWEDEN 
A school in Stockholm. Scandinavian schools maintain the same degree of excellence 
throughout the three countries. Education is free all the way through the University 

fil 




GOING TO CHURCH 

It is a town in an old and conservative province of Sweden; the only one where 

national costumes are still used 




A CONSECRATION OF BISHOPS IN UPSALA, SWEDEN 

The gorgeous vestments, the lights and all the rest, are typical of the bishops^ priests 
and churches everywhere in the three National Episcopal Scandinavian Churches 




SWEDISH AND ANODICAN CONFEREOSrCE ON INTERCOMMUNION 

They met in Upsala in 1909, English and Swedish Bishops, and on the extreme 

left our oicn Bishop Williams of Marquette, one of the greatest authorities on, 

the Scandinavian Churches 



catechism and other religious teaching- 
is always part of the curriculum. In 
fact, America is practically the only 
Christian country in the world where 
religion is not a definite part of the 
teaching in the public schools. 

The Scandinavians are a church-going 
people. The Churches of Sweden, Nor- 
way and Denmark went through a Re- 
formation very much like that of the 
Church of England, and their services 
are very similar to ours, though more 



ritualistic. They are brought up on the 
Collects, Epistles and Gospels just like 
our own Church people. The official 
doctrine is called Lutheran, and is near 
the original Lutheranism. It is probably 
as orthodox as our own. They have 
their bishops who in Sweden pretty 
surely have the valid Apostolic succes- 
sion. 

For many years intercommunion be- 
tween our Anglican Churohes and the 
Church of Sweden has been considered. 




LANDING OF THE SWEDES IN 
WILMINGTON, DELAWARE IN 1638 



In 1909 a deputation of the English and 
American Churches conferred with the 
archbishop of Upsala and the Cathedral 
Chapter. The conference recognized that 
intercommunion practically existed, al- 
though official action was not taken. 

In 1638 the Swedes began to settle 
near the Delaware River, and there 
Swedish priests started missions to the 
Indians. From that time to 183 1 Sweden 
sent to the Delaware colony, thirty-four 
priests all of whom were recognized 
by the English Church, and had permis- 
sion to minister not only to their own 
people, but to the English Churchmen. 
Gloria Dei, or Old Swedes', in Phila- 
delphia was originally under the Church 
of Sweden. The rector from 1786 to 
1 83 1 was the last of the long hne of 
missionaries sent by the Mother Church 
of Sweden to give the Bread of Life 
to her children on this distant shore. 




GLORIA DEI 

Oloria Dei, or Old Swedes', in Philadelphia, was originally wider the Church of, 

Sweden from 1677 to 1831 

54 



GUSTAV UNONIUS 



In 1845 the first graduate of Nasho- 
tah, Reverend Gustaf Unonius was or- 
dained by Bishop Kemper. He organ- 
ized in Chicago the Church of Saint 
Ansgarius. Fifteen hundred dollars to- 
wards this churoh was contributed by 
the famous Swedish singer, Jenny Lind. 
She also donated a specially designed 
silver chalice, which is still used. In 
this church nine thousand have been 
baptized and three thousand confirmed. 

More extended work among our Swed- 
ish neighbors did not come until 1888. 
In June, 1892, the beautiful church of 
Saint Ansgarius, Providence, Rhode Is- 
land, a cop^ of an eleventh century 





RECTOR GLORIA DEI 



JENNY LIND 
She helped start our Chicago Swedish Parish 

church in Sweden, was consecrated. The 
Holy Cbminxmion here and in other 
Swedish churches is generally celebrated 
according to the liturgy of the Church 
of Sweden, when Swedish is used. The 
early Eucharists are nearly always in 
English. 

From the time of its establishment, 
due to the splendid work of our Swedish 
general missioner. Doctor Hammarskold, 
a number of other Swedish parishes arose, 
and from these have gone forth to many 
of our regular parishes all over the coun- 
try, continuous streams of good Swedish 
church people, thoroughly trained in our 
Church and thoroughly Americanized. 
The Reverend Philip Broburg 'has just 
been appointed by the Presiding Bishop 
and Council, as a second general mis- 
sioner. 

In the Churoh of Sweden, prepara- 
tion for Confirmation is very carefully 
attended to. The Scandinavian Lutheran 
churches in America are well organized 
and minister to large niimibers, but 
they are without bishops and have no 
official connection with the national 
churches in their homelands. Our Church 
as a sister Church has its full duty to 




SAINT ANSGARIUS CHURCH, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 




A CONFIRMATION SERVICE 

Confirmation class at Saint Bartholomew's in New York. Doctor Marnmarskold, 

our general missioner to the Scandinavians is in the centre of the back line. There 

are one thousand Swedish 'Spaying members" of this New York chapel 




CHURCH OF SAINT ANSGARIUS, 
PROVIDENCE, RHODE 
ISLAND 



i i 



n 



,\r 



i ii 





AFTER j 
Taken at Saint Sigfrid's, our Scandinavian Church in Saint Paul, Minnesota. The rec. 

The early celebrations at our Scandina\ 




SUNDAY SCHOOL PICNIC, SAINT ANSGARIUS SWEDISH CONGREGATION 
AT PROVIDENCE, R. I. 




RI-Y EUCHARIST 

Reverend Philip Brobun/ is our nezc ansuciate ijeuer 
■dies are in the Enr/IisJi laniiuaf/e 

the Scandinavian Christians and this is 
not a matter of making proselytes from 
the Lutheran Churches in America^ for 
alas, at least 2,000,000 of the Scandina- 
vians in this country are without any 
church home whatsoever. Thus it is 
that our Church has a tremendous op- 
portunity and duty, to minister to 
the unchurched Scandinavians. Not 
long ago a Danish farmer happened to 
go into one of our churches in a New 
England town. After the service he 
said to the rector, with tears in his 
eyes, "Why this is my Church!" The 
next time the bishop came, his family 
and that of several neighbors were con- 
firmed. Since then they have been driv- 
ing in regularly ten miles to church. 
Thus thousands of others would come to 
the church like the church they were 
brought up to love, if only they knew 
that such a one was right near at hand 
and ready to welcome them. 



/ niissioner to the Scandinavians. 

The above picture was taken after an 
early celebration of the Holy Commun- 
ion at Saint Sigfrid's, our Swedish 
Church in the city of St. Paul, Minne- 
sota. Could anything give stronger tes- 
timony of what our Church is doing and 
what we can multiply a hundredfold if 
we are thoroughly awakened to the need 
of fulfilling our full duty? Let me repeat 
that it is not a matter of making prose- 
lytes from other Christian Communions, 
but to minister to those great numbers 
coming from sister Churches, who in 
America are as sheep without a shep- 
herd. Surely one of the meanings of 
the name Catholic, which we call the 
Church in the Creed, is for all people. 
If we know of those at our very doors 
who are growing up without a knowledge 
of God, and do not go to them, are 
we not like the priest and Levite in the 
parable of the Good Samaritan, who 
"passed by on the other side"? 




A SLAVIC CONGREGATION AND THEIR CHURCH IN 
AMERICA 




MELETIOS MATAXAKIS, METROPOLITAN 

OF ATHENS 

A great man and a leader in the cause of re-union. 

He visited the United States during the War, and 

was given many receptions by our bishops 



Eastern Orthodox Church 

One-fourth of the Christian 
people of the world are of a 
grand section of Christendom 
which is neither Roman Catho- 
lic nor Protestant. In fact they 
call the Pope the "first great 
Protestant", because after the 
Church had been united for the 
first thousand years he broke 
off from the rest of the Church, 
the Patriarch of Rome from the 
other four Patriarchs. I speak 
of the great Eastern Orthodox 
Church of almost 150,000,000 
members, and, reports to the 
contrary notwithstanding, this 
Church is neither dead nor 
sleeping. Such is the Church 
of the Greeks, Russians, Ser- 
bians, Roumanians^ Bulgarians, 
Syrians and Albanians in Amer- 
ica, the Church which through 
centuries of bitter persecution 
has preserved the faith pure, 
and which now in its largest 
section — Russia — is again 
swelling the roll of martyrs. 
There are in the United States 
over one million baptized or 
confirmed members of the East- 
ern Orthodox Church, but very 
many are unshepherded. 




RUSSIAN CATHEDRAL OF SAINT NICHOLAS, NEW YORK 



Russians 

The New York Russian Cathedral 
Choir ibecame famous by their concert 
tour of a few years ago. The men, in- 
cluding the OGtavist or contra-bass, the 
foundation of their unaccompanied har- 
mony, who actually sings an octave be- 
low the regular bass, were imported from 
Russia. The boys are Americans of 
Russian parentage, brought up on the 
East Side of New York, trained in the 
choir school. There are some six or 
eight hundred thousand Russians in 
America. These include the so-called 
Ukrainians or Ruthenians — in fact the 
latter comprise the large majority. Of 
course it does not include the Russian 
Jews. 

The tj^ical family in Russia is large. 
The same is true of families in America 
of any of the people from Southern and 
Eastern Europe, quite the opposite to 
the typical American family. There- 




A FAMILY IN RUSSIA 




A LONELY VILLAGE 

Reproduced from a famous Russian painting. A typical village in the vast spaces of 
Russia. The Church is its centre 



fore these people will be increasingly in 
the majority. I think scientists would 
call this "the survival of the fittest." 
Family life means much to the Russians 
and they desire above all to be left at 
peace to live it. 

In Russia the peasants are in the 
majority and now they are led like 
sheep by the minority, that is by the 
Bolsheviki. As has happened several 
times before in the great crises of their 
nation, even so now the Church — mark 
this prophecy — is going to be the salva- 
tion of Russia. Deep personal religion 
is the characteristic of Russian daily life, 
the sense of nearness of the supernatural 
world of God. The churches are the cen- 
tral landmarks of every village or city. 

Moscow is the real capital of Holy 
Russia. Germanized Petrograd, which 
used to be St. Petersburg, was but the 
modem capital. In 191 8, while the 
Bolshevists murdered in hordes out in 
the streets of Moscow, a great council 
of the Russian Church sat calmly within, 
and it was at this council that the presid- 
ing metropolitan, Platon, formerly Arch- 
bishop of America, made the announce- 



ment that union between the Orthodox 
and the Anglican churches was almost 
accomplished, whereupon the whole body 
rose, and many wept with joy. 

Russia is a land of mystery and a 
land of wonderful oppontxmity. The in- 
tellectual class ranks as high as any: 
theologians, scientists, authors, musi- 
cians, and the rest. The peasant class 
has never had a chance to develop. Be- 
tween the two are those who have 
wrought miuch evil, a class of devils and 
fools, egged on into crime or fanaticism 
by German intrigue. 

Probably the greatest missionary of 
the nineteenth century was a Siberian 
priest who afterwards became Arch- 
bishop Innocent of Kamskatka and 
Alaska. He it was who with indomi- 
table courage and faith brought the 
Russian Church to America over Behring 
Strait by the bridge of the Aleutian Is- 
lands in the first part of the last cen- 
tury. The title of the present Ru-ssian 
Archbishop is "Archbishop of North 
America and the Aleutian Islands". The 
Russian Church has always been a great 
missionary Church. For example, the 




THE KREMLIN 

Moscow in winter. See the churches. "The gates of Hell" now open in Russia, "Shall 

never 'gainst that Church prevail" 

second largest mission in Japan is Rus- 
sian, started in 1861 and carried on by 
the late Archbishop Nicolai, whose entire 
staff, save one, have been Japanese. 

From Alaska, the Russian Church 
center was moved to San Francisco. The 
theological seminary was started in Min- 
neapolis. Churches were built in various 
parts of the country. Great numbers of 
Uniats, who had in Austria-Hungary 
gone over to the Church of Rome, but 
were allowed to keep their married priest- 
hood and Slavic services, came back to 
the Orthodox fold in this country. Then 
the cathedral of the archbishop was 
moved to New York, where it is today, 
and the seminary to Tenafly, New Jersey. 

There are about three hundred Rus- 
sian priests in America, sixty of whom 
were born and brought up in the United 
States, have never been to Russia, and 
are just as thorough-going Americans as 
any of us. Let us take an' example, the 
Reverend John Samanitsky, rector of the 
Orthodox Church Saint Peter and Saint 
Paul in Detroit. He is a typical young 




Cathedral at Sitka, Alaskc 




RUSSIAN ORPHANAGE, SPRINGFIELD, VERMONT 




A GROUP OF RUSSIAN GLERG\ ]\ HIL UNITED STATES 

With their Archbishop, taken in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 

66 




THEOLOGICAL STUDENTS 

The se7iior class of 1905 in the old days when the Russian Orthodox Seminary was in 

Minneapolis. Note the boy in the front row and second from the right, John Samanitsky, 

born and brought up in Minneapolis 



priest with keen mind and good training ; 
a fonmer football player and a football 
and baseball enthusiast; thoroughly 
American; he is very human, and like 
the other Russian clergy of American 
birth, I fear, lonely. Because some of 
our clergy during General Convention 
in 1919 made friends with him and 
knocked about Detroit as brother-clergy 
and fellow-Americans, arranged joint 
services in his church, called at his home 
and met his wife and children, that lone- 
liness was dispelled for awhile. This 
sort of thing should be done wherever 
there is a brother Orthodox priest. In 
the same way, our people should get in 
touch with their people, our children 
with their children; and an important 
point of contact is our choir-masters 
with their choir-masters. They are won- 
derful singers and we should invite their 
choirs to sing at our services occasionally. 




THE REV. JOHN SAMANITSKY 




EASTERN PRELATES AT GENERAL CONVENTION 
Russian, Syrian and Polish Old Catholic 




Father Samanitski/'s church and rectory. 



They would be glad to have our people 
help them in organizing and conducting 
work among their children. Not long 
ago one of our Pennsylvania parishes 
supplied several scout masters for Rus- 
sian parish troops. The Russian churches 
in America have 'been passing through 
a difficult stage, for support has been 
withdrawn from the Mother Church, and 
the chaos of the homeland is reflected 
here. 

Our General Convention of 19 19 at 
which our American Church was awak- 
ened to new life, was begun by a proces- 
sion in which participated Eastern pre- 
la/tes and their chaplains. Metropolitan 
Platon of Odessa and Kherson, former 
Russian Archbishop of America was 
one. Germanos, a Syrian archbishop 
was a second. The Syrians form another 
branch of the Eastern Orthodox Church 
in cordial touch with our Church in 
America. Their American Cathedral is 
in Brooklyn. There are some sixty to 
eighty thousand Syrians in the United 
States. 

Also in the procession was Bishop 
Hodur and two bishops-elect of the 



For Re-union j P^ and Fellowship 

Russian-English Service 

THIS SUNDAY, 4:00 P.M. 

at 

RUSSIAN ORTHODOX c;Hi.KOH 
Of- ST. I'tTi^K ANP ?T. PALL 
•S6C;.livr: Mi^ct, ■ fVtroir. Mi.h. 



A<idre«sej! by 



Bishop McKim of Tokyo 

and 

Bishop Rowe of Alaska 

Take th* Michigan Avenue Car to Livemois Avtsr 



SUNDAY MORNING 

Ruuian Orthodox Ssrvicsa 

The Divine Liturgy - - at 10:30 A.M. 

ALL SAINTS CHURCH, - - . REV. D. S OARIN, Rrtlo 

,Sl"t H<-n<)r;v Slrf«l E«.t, T«bc B»licr il. Cur u, PalrtK-r .Si. 
SERMON BY BISHOP MAriHi:.\V,S OF NF.W JF.R.SF.Y 

CHURCH OK .ST. PETER AND ST. PAUL 

REV. JOHN bAMANIISKY, Reclo 
SERMON BY . BLSHOP I.SRAEL OF ERIE 

Alio, 3i) Min-jta, from Hold SUlWr 



POSTER OF SERVICES HELD DURING GENERAL CONVENTION, 1919 

Polish National Catholic Church, which -boyhood. Our Bishop of Erie was re- 
has its headquarters in Scranton, Penn- ceived at the other church — with the 
sylvania, and a number of parishes in special hailing hymn and particular cere- 
various parts of the country. We should money given an Orthodox bishop, and, 
keep up our friendly relations also with taking part in the serwce, received Holy 
these spiritually-minded clergy of the Communion at the Russian altar. 
Old Catholic movement. One of the things that could accomp- 
During General Convention in Detroit lish much would be for our people to 
in November, ipig, interesting services attend the services of the Eastern Or- 
were held in Russian churches. At one thodox, especially the Russian, where 
of these Bishop McKim told of his honor the miusic is always beautiful. We should 
and affection for the great Russian mis- learn by studying translations of their 
sionary to Japan, Nicolai, and Bishop liturgy, to follow their service; and after 
Rowe told of his close co-operation with having worshipped with them a few 
the Russian Bishop of Alaska. It is in- times, we would appreciate the bf^autiful 
teresting that the rector of All Saint's simplicity of it all. You know, the East- 
Russian Church was born in the Aleutian em Orthodox Church is the most dem- 
Islands and knew Bishop Rowe in his ocratic church in the world. 



' - 1 IM'WHI MBJ^^BI^MI 
1 feal^^^^^^B^^B 


WU^^MA^^\ 






SYRIAN ORTHODOX CATHEDRAL, 
BROOKLYN, NEW YORK 



^^^ 




WHERE SAINT PAUL PREACHED 

The Areopagos, or Mars Hill, outside of Athens, where Saint Paul preached to the 
Greeks of "the Unknown God" 




GREEKS IN AMERICA 
A Greek track team showing good types of this versatile, attractive race 




GREEK EPIPHANY CELEBRATION 
Tarfon Springs, Florida, a town of sponge divers, almost -wholly Oreek 



Greeks 

Greek parishes are established all over 
our land. Until last year, they had no 
central authority. Now at last, they 
have an archbishop, Alexander of Rodos- 
tolou. There is not a town of any size in 
America where there are not at least one 
or two Greeks. The business ability of 
the Greeks is remarkable in America, 
and their loyalty to their adopted coun- 
try thoroughly proven. There are 
nearly 400,000 Greeks in America. The 
modem Greek is the descendant of his 
ancestors both in blood and character- 
istics. There is no need of extolling the 
glories of ancient Greece. The first 
names of two editors of the rival Greek 
daily newspapers a few years ago, were 
Solon and Socrates. 

The names of many cities in modern 
Greece, both in free Greece and enslaved 
Greece, are familiar to us from our New 
Testaments. The Greek Byzantine Em- 
pire was a ^bulwark against the Eastern 
hordes for many centuries until 1453 



when Constantinople fell, and Santa 
Sopihia, greatest of Christian temples, be- 
came a mosque. Then through four hun- 
dred years of Mohammedan slavery, it 
was the Church that kept alive the spirit 
of Christianity and patriotism. Athens 
today is a beautiful modern city, and 
modern Greece under Venezelos is play- 
ing her part in ibringing freedom to the 
world. Ancient Greece, we must remem- 
ber, was the cradle of democracy. 

Anagnos, which he shortened from 
Anagnostopoulos, son-in-law of Dr. Sa- 
muel and Julia Ward Howe, successor 
to his father-iin-law and equally famous 
as head of the Perkins Institute for the 
Blind in Boston, was a modern Greek of 
America, equal in greatness of character 
to any of the ancients. He died in 1906. 

As Governor Guild of Massachusetts 
said, at the great memorial service held 
in his honor, "The name of Michael 
Anagnos ^belongs to Greece; his fame 
belongs to the United States; but his 
service belongs to humanity." Bishop 
Lawrence on the same occasion said: 




A PARISH OF EIGHT THOUSAND 

The Greek Orthodox Church of The Holy Trinity, Lowell, Massachusetts, 

taken on Easter Even. That in the centre represents the sepulture. 




A GREEK WEDDING IN NEWARK, NEW JERSEY 
74 




The new archbishop 



CHURCH UNITY 
3/ the Greek Church in America was present in June, 1919, 
at an ordination at Lancaster, Pennsylvania 



"Who would have thought that the 
young Greek bom in the valley of 
Epiros, educated in the literature of 
Greek and other languages, saturated 
with the philosophy of the university, 
would have become the sympathetic 
friend of the little blind children of Puri- 
tan Massachusetts, the head of a great 
New England educational institution, 
and the man to plead successfully with 
Yankee legislators for aid in his work? 
It is interesting to us, for wc are receiv- 
ing from eastern Europe thousands upon 
thousands of people. We are wondering, 
sometimes with dread, what their in- 
fluence will be in our American civiliza- 
tion. Granted that the mass have not 
in them the qualities of the Greek Anag- 
nos, nevertheless, the fact that he has 
lived here and done his work, gives us 
hope and confidence that from these 
other thousands may arise those who 
will make noble contributions to our 
American life." 




MICHAEL ANAGNOS 




CATHEDRAL AT ETCHMIADZIX, ARMENIA 



The Greek wedding service is very 
beautiful. As with many another immi- 
grant race, so with the Greeks, Holy 
Matrimony is regarded as a sacrament. 
The breaking up of family ties and then 
finding here a low regard for the sacred- 
ness of family life, is a shock to many 
an immigrant. It would not be that, if 
the immigrant, our neighbor, saw the 
inside of the true American home. 

Every Greek is a member of the Greek 
Church, though many are not faithful, 
often because no church of theirs is 
within reach. In Holy Week, on Easter 
Eve, the Greeks crowd their churches, 
and in picturesque symbolism commem- 
orate the suffering and resurrection of 
our Lord. On Easter morning, on the 
stroke of midnight, the priest cries out 
in a loud voice: "Christ is risen from the 
dead." The multitude answer: "He is 
risen indeed." Then the wonderful Eas- 
ter liturgy is celebrated, including the 



Easter hymn we know so well, "The Day 
of Resurrection, Earth tell it all abroad." 
The new Archbishop of the Greek 
Church in America was present in June, 
1919, at an ordination in Lancaster, 
Pennsylvania. He, Archbishop Alexan- 
der, has expressed his willingness to enter 
into an agreement by which our clergy 
may be licensed to minister to his people 
where their priests are far away. This 
is the meeting of the East and West. 
After the separation of a thousand years, 
practical union has come; therefore we 
have a special duty of friendliness to 
the members of our sister Churches of 
the East. We can co-operaite with them 
in reaching their own people and help 
them to be faithful to their great Church. 
Let us be neighbors to our fellow-church- 
men of the Holy Eastern Orthodox 
Church. They need us, and we also 
need them. 



Assyrians and Armenians 

There axe in this country two other 
-Eastern Churches, the Armenian and the 
Assyrian, in practical union with our 
Church, that look to us officially for 
Church ministrations and the Christian 
nurture of their children, and, because 
we are fellow-Christians, expect of us 
naturally our Christian love. Hospital- 
ity is the natural everyday thing in the 
East. 

In the picture of Americans of Assyrian 
lineage are the descendants of that an- 
cient Assyrian race who conquered the 
Kingdom of Israel, going forth from 
Nineveh, "that great city". And these 
are Americans All. Some of them are 
college graduates; one, a graduate of our 
General Theological Seminary, was the 
personal representative for Assyrian and 
Armenian Relief of Mar Shimun, the 
Patriarch of the Ancient Assyrian 
Church. These are good types of the 
foreign-born Americans. The little girl 
in front of her father escaped from the 




BENJAMIN MAR SHIMUN, MAR- 
TYRED PATRIARCH OF THE 
NESTORIAN CHURCH 

For years the archbishop of Canterbury's 

mission near Mount Ararat , has given 

new life to this ancient Church 




AMERICANS OF ASSYRIAN LINEAGE 

Descendants of the ancient Assyrians 

77 




I 



VARTAN 

A child of a martyred race, remnants of whom 
have fled to America and are our neighbors 



hands of the Turks, and through thrill- 
ing adventures, after many months was 
brought to her parents in America. 

We have all seen the picture of Vartan, 
the little Armenian boy 'before. 

Our hearts have been wrung by the 
horrors placed upon the martyred race 
of Armenians. Have we learned to show 
the same kind of sympathy for the 
children of the same race that are our 
neighbors in America? It is easy to 
give to a great cause — at a distance, 
to relieve suffering — at a distance; it 
is not so easy to extend the ordinary 
little courtesies and friendliness to our 
less romantic neighbor right next door, 
who is suffering — ^not martyrdom — but 
an equally undeserved social ostracism. 
This other is also a Christian duty. 

But above all, it is our duty as Chris- 
tian men and women, followers of Jesus 



Christ, to see to it that these, our neigh- 
bors, are helped to get in touch with God. 
"Feed my sheep. Feed my lambs." This 
is Foreign Missions at Home. 

The Master Calls Us 

The last picture is a famous Russian 
icon. It is of the Living Christ. The 
question of the Church's duty to the 
foreign-bom and their children is not 
one in which we as Christians have any 
choice. We must treat them as neigh- 
bors and we must see to it that they 
are fed from on high, or else we are 
disloyal to our Master. In the picture 
the words in the book read: "A new 
commandment I give unto you that ye 
love one another." And at the bottom is 
the inscription— "THE LORD OM- 
NIPOTENT." 




THE LORD AND HIS COMMANDMENT 

III the picture the Kords nii llu- Book read: -.1 iieic Commnnihtwnt I (five vnto you 
Hint ye love one anoflier" ami at the bottom ix the hiscriplioii --The Lord Omnipotent'' 



^j y^^/^ 

1^1 



BEST BOOKS TO READ 



6 C 



C^ 



General 

Neighbors. Church Missions House, New 
York, 1919. 

Christian Americanization. By Charles A. 
Brooks, D.D. Missionary Education Move- 
ment, New York, 1919. 

LE.4DERSHIP OF New AMERICA. By Archibald 
McCiure. George H. Doran, New York, 
1916. 

Immigrant Forces. By William P. Shriver. 
Missionary Education Movement, New 
York, 1913. 

The Immigrant and the Community. By 
Grace Abbott. The Cenlury Co., New 
York, 1917. (Social-Economic.) 

With Poor Immigrants to America. By 
Stephen Graham. The Macmillan Company, 
New York, 1914. 

One Way Out. By William Carleton. Grosset 
& Dunlap, New York, 1911. 

Jack-of-all-Trades. By Margaret T. Apple- 
garth. (For Children.) Council of Women 
for Home Missions, New York, 1918. 



Autobiography 



An .American in the Making. By M. E. 

Ravage. Harper & Bros., New York, 1917. 
From Alien to Citizen. By E. A. Steiner. 

Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1914. 
The Making of an American. By Jacob A. 

Riis. The Macmillan Co., New York, 1904. 



Racial 

Italian Immigration of Our Times. By 

Robert F. Foerster. Harvard University 

Press, 1919. 
Italian Life in Town and Country. By L. 

Villari. G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York. 

1902. 



Czechs in America. By Thomas Capek. 

Houghton, Mifflin Company, 1920. 
The Life and Times of Master John Hus. 

By Count Lutzow. Everyman's Library, 

New York, 1909. 
Our Slavic Fellow Citizens. By Emily G. 

Balch. New York, 1910. 
America and the Orient. By S. L. Gulick. 

Missionary Education Movement. New 

York, 1916. 
The Land of the Midnight Sun. By Paul 

Du Chaillu. Harper & Bros., New York, 

1881. 
The Church of Sweden and the Anglican 

Communion. By G. Mott Williams, D. D 

Morehouse Publishing Co., Milwaukee, 1911. 
The Scandinavians in the Northwest. Th: 

Forum, Vol. XIV, pp. 103-109, Sept. 1892. 
Conquests of the Russian Church. By T. 

A. S. Edwards. S. P. C. K., London, 1917. 
With Russian Pilgrims to Jerusalem. By 

Stephen Graham. The Macmillan Co., New 

York, 1913. 
The Greek Orthodox Church. By C, Cal- 

linicos. Longmans, Green & Co., New York, 

1918. 
Greeks in America. By Thomas Burgess. 

Sherman, French & Co., Boston, 1913. 
Syria and the Holy I and. By George Adam 

Smith. George H. Doran & Co., New York, 

1918. 

Miscellaneous 

The Races of Europe. By E. A. Grosvenor. 
The National Geographic Magazine, Decem- 
ber, 1918. 

Nations in Rebirth. A series of articles re- 
cently published in the Literary Digest. 

Also a number of valuable pamphlets, etc., 
may be obtained from the Secretary for 
Foreign-born Americans, Church Missions 
House, 281 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 



No. 150G-3-20. lOM. Kl, 



